Content Comparison

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The specific heat requirement for single and two-family houses built between 1980 and 1994 is approx. 80 W / m². For houses that were built before 1980 and no additional thermal insulation measures have yet been taken, it is 100 W / m² up to 120 W / m². In the case of existing systems, the current state of the system must be taken into account.

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• Experimental determination in the heating season (see Fig. 1.1)
  During the heating season, the flow and return temperatures are reduced when the thermostat valves are fully open until a room temperature of approx. 20–22 ° C is reached. Once the desired room temperature has been reached, the current flow and return temperatures as well as the outside temperature are noted and entered in the diagram below. With the aid of the diagram, the In fact required temperature level (low, medium, high temperature) can be read off.

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A house with a heating requirement of 20 kW and an annual heating energy requirement of approx. 40,000 kWh is heated with a hot water heater with a flow temperature of 65 ° C (return 50 ° C). Subsequent thermal insulation measures reduce the heat requirement by 25% to 15 kW and the annual heating energy requirement to 30,000 kWh. As a result, the average flow temperature can be reduced by approx. 10 K, which lowers energy consumption by a further 20-25%. The total energy cost saving for a heat pump heating system is then approx. 44%.

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• Investment costs In addition to the costs for the heat pump and the heat recovery system, the investment costs are decisively influenced by the development costs of the heat source.

• operating cost The expected annual performance factors of the heat pump heating system have a decisive influence on the operating costs. These are primarily influenced by the type of heat pump, the average heat source temperature and the required heating flow temperatures.

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Due to the large number of network operators, the EVU block is used very differently. The bandwidth ranges from fixed daily locks to sporadic, load-dependent locks that are only used sporadically during load peaks in the network.

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This value is doubled for storage capacity up to approx. 10 people - thus the required minimum storage volume is obtained. This minimum volume is converted to the actual storage temperature.

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Circulation lines
Circulation lines increase the heat requirement for hot water heating on the system side. The additional requirement depends on the length of the circulation line and the quality of the line insulation and must be taken into account accordingly. If circulation cannot be dispensed with due to the long pipeline routes, a circulation pump should be used that is activated by a flow sensor if required. The heat requirement for the circulation line can be considerable.

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In the case of private swimming pools with a pool cover and use of a maximum of 2 hours per day, these services can be reduced by up to 50%.

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Overdimensioning in connection with a lack of storage mass leads to short runtimes, the machine clocks. This behavior occurs more intensely in the transition period.

_{Heating capacity in kW}

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_{Outside temperature in ° C}

_{- heating power characteristic}

_{- Fixed-speed characteristic}

Fig. 1.2: Heating output curve, heat pump with one output level (fixed speed)

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Oversizing (e.g. monovalent design) is less critical, as this simply increases the proportion of more efficient single-compressor operation. Ideally, the heat pump covers the building's heat demand with an outside temperature of approx. 2 ° C with the output of a compressor. In bivalent systems, the bivalence point should be below 0 ° C.

_{Heating capacity in kW}

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_{Outside temperature in ° C}

_{- heating power characteristic}

_{- Performance level 1 (2-level)}

_{- Performance level 2 (2-level)}

Fig.1.3: Heating output curves for heat pumps with two output levels (stepped control)

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Oversizing leads to the fact that the inverter is operated more and more outside its control range, which in turn leads to increased clocking and thus to a control behavior similar to a fix-speed heat pump, control by switching on and off.

_{Heating capacity in kW}

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_{Outside temperature in ° C}

_{- heating power characteristic}

_{- performance curve minimal (variable)}

_{- Maximum performance curve (variable)}

Fig. 1.4: Heating output curves for output-controlled heat pumps with inverters

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The diagram shows the share of coverage of a heat pump for the operating modes bivalent-parallel and bivalent-alternative depending on the building's heat demand for an example building.

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The building should be dried out with special, on-site devices. If the heating output of the heat pump is limited and the building dries out in autumn or winter, an additional electric immersion heater or a replacement heater must be installed in accordance with VDI 4645. This must be taken into account, especially with brine / water heat pumps, in order to compensate for the increased heat demand and to relieve the heat source.

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The environmental conditions (e.g. indoor or outdoor installation, wet room, ...) are decisive for the correct execution of the electrical installation. In accordance with these requirements, a suitable cable type must be used and the cables must be routed in accordance with regulations.

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Fig .: 1.9 Lightning and surge protection concept using the M / M Flex system as an example

Legend to Fig. 1.9

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Additional information, data sheets and planning documents on the subject of lightning protection can be found e.g. under www.dehn.de.

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Phase sequence: L1, L2, L3.

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• The control voltage is supplied via the heat pump manager. To do this, a 3-pole cable is to be laid based on the electrical documentation. Further information on the wiring of the heat pump manager can be found in the operating instructions.

• A shielded communication line (J-Y (ST) Y ..LG) (provided by the customer - not included in the scope of delivery of the heat pump) connects the heat pump manager with the WPIO controller built into the heat pump. More detailed instructions can be found in the instructions for use of the heat pump manager and the electrical documentation.

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